International courts are formed by treaties between nations, or by an international organisation such as the United Nations – and include ad hoc tribunals and permanent institutions but exclude any courts arising purely under national authority.
An international court is an international organization, or a body of an international organisation, that hears cases in which one party may be a state or international organisation (or body thereof), and which is composed of independent judges who follow predetermined rules of procedure to issue binding decisions on the basis of international law.
In addition to international tribunals created to address crimes committed during genocides and civil war, ad hoc courts and tribunals combining international and domestic strategies have also been established on a situational basis. Examples of these "hybrid tribunals" are the Special Court for Sierra Leone, Special Tribunal for Lebanon, Special Panels of the Dili District Court in East Timor, and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia.

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